Journal: Neurotherapeutics

Article Title: Cyclooxygenase-2 Induced the β-Amyloid Protein Deposition and Neuronal Apoptosis Via Upregulating the Synthesis of Prostaglandin E 2 and 15-Deoxy-Δ 12,14 -prostaglandin J 2

doi: 10.1007/s13311-019-00770-z

Figure Lengend Snippet: The expression of TNF-α and PS1/2 is progressively upregulated during the course of AD development. (A) The production of TNF-α in the CSF of APP/PS1 mice was determined by ELISA. (B) The PS1 and PS2 mRNA and protein levels were determined by Western blots and qRT-PCR. (C) The immunoreactivities of PS1 and PS2 in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of 6-month-old APP/PS1 and COX-2/APP/PS1 mice were determined by immunohistochemistry using an anti-PS1 or PS2 antibody, respectively. (D) The cerebral cortex and hippocampus of mouse brains were double-stained with PS1/2 (red) and NeuN (green) antibody before observation using confocal microscopy. The data are represented as the means ± S.E. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001 with respect to the 3-month-old APP/PS1 mice. #p < 0.05; ##p < 0.01; ###p < 0.001 compared with 6-month-old APP/PS1 mice (n = 6)

Article Snippet: Antibodies against β-actin (#4970, 1:5000, v/v), COX-2 (#12282, 1:2000, v/v), TNF-α (#3707, 1:2000, v/v), PS1 (#5643, 1:2000, v/v), PS2 (#2192, 1:2000, v/v), and Aβ (#2450, 1:500, v/v) were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology, Inc. (Danvers, MA, USA).

Techniques: Expressing, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Western Blot, Quantitative RT-PCR, Immunohistochemistry, Staining, Confocal Microscopy

Journal: Neurotherapeutics

Article Title: Cyclooxygenase-2 Induced the β-Amyloid Protein Deposition and Neuronal Apoptosis Via Upregulating the Synthesis of Prostaglandin E 2 and 15-Deoxy-Δ 12,14 -prostaglandin J 2

doi: 10.1007/s13311-019-00770-z

Figure Lengend Snippet: NS398 suppresses the synthesis of TNF-α and PS1/2 via PGE2. NS398 (1 μg/5 μl) was injected (i.c.v.) into the ventricles of 6-month-old COX-2/APP/PS1 mice for 24 h. The brains and CSF were then collected after anesthetization. (A–C) The formation of PGE2 and 15d-PGJ2 and the secretion of TNF-α were assessed using PGE2, 15d-PGJ2, and TNF-α enzyme immunoassay kits, respectively. (D, E) Protein expression of mPGES-1, L-PGDS, PS1, and PS2 was determined by Western blots. β-Actin served as an internal control. **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001 with respect to the APP/PS1 group. #p < 0.05; ##p < 0.01 compared with COX-2/APP/PS1 mice (n = 6)

Article Snippet: Antibodies against β-actin (#4970, 1:5000, v/v), COX-2 (#12282, 1:2000, v/v), TNF-α (#3707, 1:2000, v/v), PS1 (#5643, 1:2000, v/v), PS2 (#2192, 1:2000, v/v), and Aβ (#2450, 1:500, v/v) were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology, Inc. (Danvers, MA, USA).

Techniques: Injection, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Expressing, Western Blot, Control

Journal: Neurotherapeutics

Article Title: Cyclooxygenase-2 Induced the β-Amyloid Protein Deposition and Neuronal Apoptosis Via Upregulating the Synthesis of Prostaglandin E 2 and 15-Deoxy-Δ 12,14 -prostaglandin J 2

doi: 10.1007/s13311-019-00770-z

Figure Lengend Snippet: The expression of TNF-α and PS1/2 is stimulated by low concentration of 15d-PGJ2 but inhibited by high concentration of 15d-PGJ2. (A, B) N2a cells were treated with different concentrations of 15d-PGJ2 for 24 h. (C, D) The APP/PS1 mice were intranasally treated with the indicated concentration of 15d-PGJ2 for 24 h (n = 6). (A, C) The PS1 and PS2 protein levels were determined by Western blots. β-Actin served as an internal control. (B, D) The production of TNF-α in the CSF of APP/PS1 mice was determined by ELISA. The data presented as the means ± S.E. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001 with respect to the vehicle-treated controls

Article Snippet: Antibodies against β-actin (#4970, 1:5000, v/v), COX-2 (#12282, 1:2000, v/v), TNF-α (#3707, 1:2000, v/v), PS1 (#5643, 1:2000, v/v), PS2 (#2192, 1:2000, v/v), and Aβ (#2450, 1:500, v/v) were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology, Inc. (Danvers, MA, USA).

Techniques: Expressing, Concentration Assay, Western Blot, Control, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay